Tl;dr - Religious beliefs are perfectly logical and rational but only because they are based on objectively false premises (detracting hugely from their objective truthfulness). Rational != truthful. Religion v. Atheism is not an equal debate. Old Testament stories are verifiably, entirely made up. Even if religious people accept that their religious texts are flawed, they fail to understand that the concept of God/a god is subject to exactly the same flaws. Sorry this is veryyyyy long lmao. Originally written with a religious audience in mind.
Dr. John R. Franke, at the 65th ETS (Evangelical Theological Society) Annual Meeting and during a major session titled "5 Views on Biblical Inerrancy", stated: "By [biblical] inerrancy, I mean... [biblical] inerrancy is simply a way of stating... that the texts don't contradict each other, but neither do they cohere." Does that "cohere" to you?
I'm not going to change your mind, because religions are belief systems that, once internalised, demand absolute belief or else (eternal punishment for the believer). In this sense religious people have a metaphorical gun to the back of their head, which renders this topic impossible to discuss objectively. It is perfectly rational and logical from both sides, unless either party displays symptoms of psychosis (e.g. self-contradictory thought patterns/arguments, as exemplified in the opening quotation). Yet, from an objective standpoint religious premises are fundamentally flawed whilst atheist/agnostic premises reflect reality much more acutely.
You can believe what you want, we are all free to do so and in fact this is a basic human right, but it is critical to understand that not all beliefs are equivalent to the truth. They are simply beliefs, some reflect reality and some do not. But I would personally prefer for people to believe in things that allow for nuance, scrutiny and critical discussion. In fact I don't believe that beliefs can or should be considered to be reflective of reality if they do not allow for legitimate criticism and rigorous scrutiny. Which is why I am not religious. To me there is a minimal difference between religions and cults.
Rigorous archaeological evidence suggests that there was never an exodus from Egypt because there was never even a significant "Israelite" population in Egypt to begin with during the time period stated in the Bible (archaeological evidence strongly supports the conclusion that there were never any early "Israelite" settlements at all in Egypt).
Also, and more importantly, archaeological evidence implies that the two populations described as "Israelites" and "Canaanites" in the Bible were not two distinct groups but actually part of the same population, enjoying a shared culture and living side by side with no clear cultural, linguistic (Hebrew was a shared language of the "Canaanites" and "Israelites"), or geographical distinction between the two. That is to say "Israelites" ARE "Canaanites" and vice versa. The correct term to use for this population is simply "Canaanite" as opposed to "Israelite", as the term "Israelite" roughly translates to "individual who worships the Canaanite god El". As a result this essentially renders the term "Israelite" redundant... (see next paragraph)
Ancient Canaanite literature found within the remnants of early Canaanite settlements shows that the main god of the Canaanite pantheon was referred to as "El". "El" is one of the names used in the original Hebrew version of the Old Testament to refer to God, with the name "Israel" translating roughly into the phrase "El rules". Thus, historical analysis suggests that stories characterising "Israelites" as righteous and Canaanites as evil are simply fictional stories comptemporary to this time period.
The most important New Testament stories as I understand them focus mainly on the life of Jesus Christ. Jesus is a Greek (Koine Greek) name (the New Testament was written in Greek as you are likely aware). The idea of an specifically ETERNAL punishment (hell) was introduced via Greek culture. Before this early Jews believed in a mass burning (a single event) on Judgement Day as opposed to eternal suffering.
This idea of eternal suffering is what eventually gave rise to the mass proliferation of Abrahamic faith and modern-day missionary culture because self-evidently eternal suffering as a punishment is infinitely more frightening than simply being burned to death once.
Another word for ideas is "memes" a term deriving from the field of memetics that treats ideas or memes as having survival pressures in a similar fashion to genes. Hopefully you recognise evolution and natural selection as the very robust theory that it indeed is unless you are a Creationist or something adjacent. Essentially the meme of eternal suffering is what gave birth to Christianity and the wider Abrahamic faiths as we know them today.
Again notice that I am treating religion not as a truth, but an idea/belief/meme that lacks objective evidence. Also notice that I am able to treat the theory of natural selection as essentially the truth because it is a rigorous scientific idea that emerged due to the criticism and scrutiny of previously outdated beliefs, based on objective observations and quantitative measurements accumulated over decades in support of what used to be simply the unevidenced theories of the few.
This ability and in fact requirement to criticise and innovate within scientific fields using objective, quantitative analysis--as apparatus and analysis techniques continue to become more precise and capable--in order to bring scientific ideas close enough to the truth to be useful/more useful (sometimes leading to revolutionary "paradigm shifts") is what is fundamentally missing from religion for it to be viable as something that we can consider to be truthful.
In fact when objective scrutiny is applied to religious ideology, it falls flat, unlike scientific facts. I am able to use the word "fact" here because the core of the scientific method assumes initial theories (derived from subjective observation) to be untrue unless rigorously, objectively, and quantitatively proven. Religion is fundamentally missing the processes that imbue logical theories with a verifiably close proxmity to objective truth. Thus religion cannot be viewed as an objective fact, but perhaps simply a useful theory implemented by many.
This can be described as being similar to the "serotonin theory" of happiness/wellbeing, where early studies found evidence that supplementing serotonin was likely beneficial for mental wellbeing. Decades on, more recent meta-analyses of both historical and contemporary research revealed that the evidence we once thought was relatively strong is in fact much weaker. Yet, supplementing serotonin via SSRIs (a class of anti-depressants) is still a common treatment for depression as psychiatry still employs the "serotonin theory" as a guide. It is still a (mostly) effective medical treatment that we have evidence for, even if said evidence is objectively weaker than once thought.
This process exemplifies the constant double-checking of scientific ideas that does not and cannot happen within religion, since religion does not rely on objective studies but instead a (perfectly logical) rationale derived from (objectively flawed) religious premises. Science is not perfect and is always improving, but it is very good at helping us get closer to certain truths. In this sense, religion is orders of magnitudes weaker and less effective at helping us get closer to certain truths. An idea or belief system being logical and rational does not at all indicate its proximity to objective truth.
The meme of the scientific method spread due to its practical utlity and trustworthiness, without the added fear of eternal punishment. Both of these characteristics have made the memes of religion and science extremely successful. Only one is successful solely because of its objective and logical utility, with the other having had much longer to proliferate and its proliferation aided by the uniquely terrifying (and entirely unfounded) fear of eternal punishment.
In this way science is a successful meme because it is simply a useful tool, whilst religion is successful because largely because it self-incentivised its growth (to "save" others) whilst at the same time providing solace for the hungry, poor, and illiterate before we figured the basics of our world out. Religion is very successful for modern imperialist endeavours for the same reasons, not because it is the truth but because it is very emotive and transforms earthly suffering into something temporary for its believers.
For specific verses, see John 20, Matthew 28, Luke 24 and Mark 16. Actually read them. Actually compare them. Don't lie to yourself or use doublethink to explain it away.
Some Christians will say that the Bible is a human attempt to understand God and by virtue of this is fundamentally flawed or exaggerated (especially the Old Testament) whilst failing to understand that the very concepts of God and other deities are subject to the exact same flaws. The concepts of deities were useful to help us "understand" the world in an emotive fashion since we lacked the tools to do so with any level of truthfulness, which science provides today. Note that scientific fields attempt to minimise human subjectivity in order to derive something as close to the truth as possible, but religions ignore the glaring impact of human subjectivity on the origins of the idea of God or a god.
Not knowing is scary, but it is a fact of life that at this point in time we simply have no understanding of the origin of the universe, and in fact modern physicists suggest there is evidence that the universe did not have a specific point in time at which it started to exist and that it is infinite with respect to time, which of course is irrational. Yet our innate (religious or not) understanding of logic, rationale, and physical/scientific reasoning stop being relevant before the point of the big bang by virtue of having to apply a currently incomprehensible logical/scientific framework to this time period.
If God was the energy source of the big bang, within what physical space did He reside in before the start of the universe as we know it? What processes allowed Him to exist and provided Him with His immense power? We don't know. Ascribing everything to a deity/deities offers a satisfyingly rational outlook, but is once again only rational because this is based on a fundamentally flawed (and a fundamentally human, not objective) premise, which detracts from its truthfulness. The premise, no matter how logical the rationale that follows is, is what ultimately enables us to decide how truthful the resulting conclusions are.
Apologies if this offends you, I am simply sharing my personal views and things that I have learnt. I implore you to check out the work of Dr. Ronald S. Hendel (Norma and Sam Dabby Professor Emeritus of Hebrew Bible and Jewish Studies at the University of California, Berkeley) for more information on the historical accuracy of the Old Testament if this interests you. Also check out Susan Blackmore’s The Meme Machine to learn more about memes and their relation to the proliferation of Abrahamic religion.
P.S. You may or may not not have noticed that I in fact LOVE the phrase "in fact" as I used it about a billion times throughout this argument, lol. Thanks for giving me the opportunity to debate religion because I get to flex my research/debate skills. I hope this helps. XOXO, Gossip Girl
P.P.S. For reasons mentioned, I believe religions are equivalent to massive cults. I don't support cults, flat earthers, misogyny/racism/climate change deniers, etc. and so in the same fashion I don't support religion, simply because it is not an accurate reflection of reality.
The religion v. atheism debate is not an equal debate because religion does not hold water, but atheism/agnosticism/mainstream satanism does (search it up, mainstream satanism DOES NOT worship Satan and is essentially a specific type of atheism that promotes the separation of church and state). To me "respecting religion" is like saying that we should respect that certain people believe the earth is flat. Or maybe even worse than that because the dominant religion of a country/culture tends to act as a vessel for cruelty and mistreatment of certain vulnerable groups both within and outside of said religious community.
That said we can still derive value from religious literature and the story of Jesus Christ etc. as these texts have had quite a significant influence on human culture, legal systems, and "morals" as we know them today due to both the widespread propogation of Abrahamic faiths and the historical (and contemporary) lack of separation between church and state. Particularly from a eurocentric worldview. However it is very important to recognise that these texts are largely fictional and based on the made-up concept of an all-powerful, all-seeing, all-loving deity. It's possible to appreciate and analyse religious texts as a perhaps academic pursuit, or out of curiosity, whilst keeping fully grounded in reality.
P.P.P.S. As a final note, I propose that as a society we look towards indigenous belief systems for guidance. Specifically those that urge us to revere and respect earthly things: our communities, our planet, our animals, ourselves. Balance, harmony, care and love for the things that we can see with our eyes and touch with our fingertips. Heaven and hell exist here, in this life, the only one that we get. I hope you found this to be an intriguing read.