honestly this comes up a lot and most people just think “cow is cow” but there’s actually a decent gap between them.
indian cows like gir, sahiwal, tharparkar, rathi etc are zebu breeds, you can spot them by the hump on their back and the loose skin hanging under the neck. jersey is a european breed, no hump, way more compact body, and honestly built more for pure milk output. jerseys give a LOT more milk per day compared to most indian breeds, that’s literally why dairy farms went crazy for them decades ago.
the milk itself is where the real difference is talked about. indian breeds mostly produce A2 beta-casein protein, jersey (like most western breeds) usually has a mix of A1 and A2. there’s this whole ongoing debate about whether A1 is harder to digest for some people, science is honestly still not fully settled on it so i wont pretend its a proven fact either way.
fat content also differs, indian cow milk generally runs a bit richer/fattier which is part of why ghee made from it has that deeper aroma, jersey milk tends to be thinner in comparison.
temperament wise indian breeds handle heat way better, makes sense since they evolved here, jerseys struggle more in hot humid weather and need more care/shelter.
so basically it’s not “better vs worse” straight up, it’s a tradeoff, jersey wins on quantity, indian breeds tend to win on the traditional/A2/heat-tolerance side.